As an important chemical raw material, phosphate rock is widely used in agriculture (phosphate fertilizer manufacturing), food, medicine, new energy and other fields. Its mineral processing process is a complex and delicate process, aiming to improve the grade of phosphate ore and reduce the impurity content to meet the needs of subsequent processing and utilization. The following is a detailed description of the phosphate ore beneficiation process, which mainly includes ore crushing, grinding and classification, separation process, dehydration treatment, drying treatment, tailings treatment, chemical use and automatic control.

1. Ore crushing

Ore crushing is the first step in the ore beneficiation process and aims to reduce the size of raw ore to a size suitable for subsequent processing. This process usually includes three stages: coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing. Equipment such as jaw crusher, cone crusher or impact crusher is used to crush the ore through extrusion, impact and other methods. The crushed ore has uniform particle size, which is beneficial to improving subsequent grinding efficiency.

2. Ore pre-sorting

By applying advanced photoelectric pre-sorting technology, the grade of ore selection can be significantly improved, and the energy consumption and operating costs during the mineral processing process can also be effectively reduced. The application of this technology has significantly improved the concentrate grade of phosphate rock, thus increasing the economic value of the ore. At the same time, since impurities can be effectively removed during the pre-sorting process, the burden of subsequent processing is reduced, thereby reducing environmental pollution. As an efficient and environmentally friendly mineral processing method, photoelectric pre-sorting technology is gradually becoming a new trend in the phosphate ore processing industry. It not only improves resource utilization, but also promotes the sustainable development of the entire industry.

3. Grinding and classification

Grinding is to further grind the crushed ore to a finer particle size to facilitate the effective separation of mineral particles and gangue (useless minerals). In the grinding process, equipment such as ball mills and rod mills are often used to make the ore particle size meet the separation requirements through the impact and grinding of the grinding media. The classification operation uses equipment such as screening or hydrocyclones to classify the grinding products according to particle size to ensure that the particle size of the materials entering the sorting operation meets the standards.

4. Selection process

Sorting is the core link of phosphate mineral processing, which aims to separate phosphorus minerals from ores. Depending on the properties of phosphate rock, methods such as photoelectric separation, flotation, gravity separation, magnetic separation or combined mineral separation can be used. The flotation method is widely used because of its high efficiency in processing fine-grained ores. By adjusting the PH value of the slurry and adding collectors and foaming agents, a bubble adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the phosphorus minerals and floats to achieve the purpose of flotation. Stone separation.

5. Dehydration treatment

The sorted concentrate often contains a large amount of water and needs to be dehydrated to increase the concentrate concentration and facilitate transportation and storage. Dehydration methods include steps such as concentration, filtration and drying. Concentration reduces the moisture content in the pulp through gravity sedimentation or centrifugal separation; filtration uses media such as filter cloth, filter paper, activated carbon, etc. to further remove moisture from the concentrate; drying involves heating the filtered concentrate to completely remove residues Moisture.

6. Drying treatment

Drying treatment is a continuation of the dehydration process, especially for situations where high dryness concentrates are required. Use equipment such as hot blast stoves, rotary kilns or spray drying towers to heat the filtered concentrate to evaporate the water to achieve the required dryness. The dried concentrate is convenient for storage and long-distance transportation, and also creates favorable conditions for subsequent processing and utilization.

7. Tailings treatment

Tailings treatment is an important part of environmental protection and resource recycling. Tailings contain a certain amount of useful minerals and harmful substances and need to be properly disposed of. Common tailings treatment methods include stockpiling, backfilling and re-selection. Measures such as preventing leakage and dust must be taken when stockpiling; backfilling is to backfill the tailings into the goaf or subsidence area to achieve land reclamation; re-selection is to use advanced technology to conduct secondary separation of the tailings. Recycle useful minerals therein.

8. Medicinal use

Agents play a vital role in the phosphate mineral processing process, including collectors, foaming agents, inhibitors, pH adjusters, etc. The selection and dosage of chemicals need to be determined comprehensively based on factors such as ore properties, separation methods, and process conditions. A reasonable pharmaceutical system can significantly improve the separation efficiency and concentrate quality, while reducing production costs and environmental pollution.

9.Automated control

With the advancement of science and technology, automated control is increasingly used in phosphate mineral processing processes. By installing sensors, actuators and control systems, real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of various aspects such as crushing, grinding, sorting, dehydration, and drying are realized. Automated control not only improves production efficiency and stability, but also reduces labor intensity and human operating errors, which is of great significance to ensuring production safety and improving economic benefits.

The phosphate ore beneficiation process is a complex system involving multiple links, and each link is interrelated and affects each other. By optimizing process parameters, adopting advanced technology and equipment, and strengthening automated control, the efficiency and quality of phosphate mineral processing can be continuously improved, providing strong support for the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry.